1. In a tabular form, distinguish between guidance and counseling in four (4) ways.
2. Identify and explain five (5) basic differences between guidance and counselling.
3. In a tabular form distinguish between guidance and counselling in four ways.
4. List and discuss any three (3) differences between Guidance and Counselling.
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1 Discuss any five (5) problems militating against the development of guidance and counseling in Nigeria.
2 From the knowledge you gained in this course, highlight the problems militating against the development of guidance counselling programme in Nigeria.
3 Discuss five (5) problems militating against the development of guidance and counselling in Nigeria
4 List and explain any five (5) factors militating against the development of guidance and counselling services in Nigeria’s secondary schools. (25 marks).
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1 Outline and explain five (5) prospects of guidance and counseling in Nigeria.
2 Outline the prospects of guidance and counselling in Nigeria.
3 Discuss the prospects of guidance and counselling in Nigeria. (25 marks)
4 Discuss any five (5) prospects of Guidance and Counselling in Nigeria. (25 marks)
5 Discuss any future of Counselling in Nigeria. PDE712 Pg 217.
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1. State reasons why guidance and counselling started with emphasis on vocational guidance.
Have goodwill towards his/her clients
Have the ability to be present for others
Recognise his or personal strengths and limitations
Be patient
Be willing to take risk with all the clients
Counselling is a more open and less directive method of helping in which alternatives are laid open before the client and the final decision is left for him/her to take (PDE 712 P199).
Counselling is a helping relationship and in order to be of help to anyone, you must be knowledgeable in some basic things (PDE 712 P239).
Guidance is a family name for all the helping services within the educational and community services.
Note that guidance and counselling are twin concepts but they are not synonymous terms as explained in GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING Video
The responsibilities of students to the school guidance programmes are (PDE 712 P236):
To recognise and accept the counsellor as a professional
To go for counselling as the need arises for them
To make use of the educational and occupational materials provided for them by the school guidance services
To help create awareness about the importance of guidance and counselling services
To open up to the counsellor
To cooperate with teachers and school administration when they are sent to the counsellor for guidance.
Changes in adolescent boys (PDE 712 P245)
Production of mature sperm cells in seminal discharge.
Chest widens due to growth of bones.
Voice cracks or deepens due to enlargement of voice box (or larynx).
Penis and scrotum enlarge in size.
Presence of facial hair (beard), pubic hair, and auxiliary hair.
Changes in adolescent girls (PDE 712 P245)
The vaginal increases in size.
The reproductive organs develop (the ovaries and uterus).
Ovulation and menstruation start.
Growth of hair in the arm-pit and pubic area.
Enlarged breasts.
Hip region expands due to growth of the bones of the pelvic girdle.
They are (PDE 712 P255):
Negative transfer
Positive transfer
General transfer and
Specific transfer
The explanation is given below (PDE 706 P240, P18):
Social development: It examines our changing abilities to relate with each other. As children change physically and develop their cognitive skills, they also become more aware of whom they are. Bonding occurs in children and their mother and later extends to other members of the family. The parents play a fundamental role in the socialisation and discipline of their children.
Cognitive development: It describes the changes in the way we think and process information.
Physical development: It includes an understanding of who we are and our growth.
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